Patients were eligible to enter the study if they underwent curative resection for NSCLC at MD Anderson Cancer Center between December 1996 and June 2007. Those with radiation therapy were excluded from the study. All tissue samples were obtained by surgical resection from patients who had provided written informed consent. Tissues were stored at −140°C after being snap frozen in liquid nitrogen. Serial sectioning of each sample was used to histologically evaluate tumor and malignant cells content before RNA extraction(25 (link)). The primary tumor tissues from 176 patients were randomly selected from the UT Lung SPORE tumor collection based on stringent, predefined quality control procedures, including the presence of ≥70% tumor tissue and ≥50% malignant cells in the frozen tissue used for RNA extraction. In this cohort, 133 patients are adenocarcinomas (ADCs) and 43 patients are squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs); 49 patients received ACT (mainly carboplatin plus taxanes) and 127 patients did not receive ACT. The clinical information and gene expression data for the UT Lung SPORE cohort were deposited in GEO database (GSE42127).