All costs were expressed in Saudi Arabian Riyals (SAR). The cost of each item within each cost category was calculated separately. For treatment costs, averages across multiple medications and brands within each drug class were used to estimate average consumption per day and unit costs. Separate public and private cost estimates were developed. Public sector unit costs were calculated using tender prices in Saudi Arabia as a reference, and, if data for private sector unit costs were not reported in a usable form in the survey, drug costs were calculated using the prices registered by the Saudi Food and Drug Authority. SAR to United States dollar (USD) conversions were based on World Bank average official exchange rates for the year 2021 (1 USD = 3.75 SAR) [21 ].
Protocol detail
Cost Estimation of Healthcare Services in Saudi Arabia
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Corresponding Organization : King Saud University
Other organizations : Johns Hopkins University, King Fahd Medical City, Saudi Heart Association, National Guard Health Affairs, Novo Nordisk (Denmark)
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Variable analysis
independent variables
- Cost of each item within each cost category
- Average consumption per day
- Unit costs
- Public sector unit costs calculated using tender prices in Saudi Arabia as a reference
- Private sector unit costs calculated using prices registered by the Saudi Food and Drug Authority
- SAR to USD conversions based on World Bank average official exchange rates for the year 2021 (1 USD = 3.75 SAR)
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