The protein expression of c-myc, Ras, activated caspase-3 and PARP-1 in tumor-bearing mice were evaluated by immunohistochemical analysis. Briefly, tumorous tissue was removed from tumor-bearing mice and cut into 5-mm-thick paraffin sections. The sections were deparaffinized and rehydrated according to standard protocols. The sections were then incubated with primary antibody (1:100 dilution; Abcam Trading Company, Ltd. Shanghai, China) at 4 °C overnight. Nonimmune (IgG) was used as a negative control, and antigenic sites were identified using an SP9000 Polymer Detection System and a 3,3’-diaminobenzidine kit (ZSGB-BIO, Beijing, China). The standard protocols were performed in accordance with approved guidelines [19 (link), 20 (link)].