Animals were anesthetized (2% halothane in 70% N2O/30% O2 for induction and 1% halothane in 70% N2O/30% O2 for maintenance) and the rectal temperature were kept at 37±0.5°C. The internal carotid artery (ICA) is one of the bifurcations of the common carotid artery and provides blood supply to the cerebral regions. It also provides blood supply to the eye as the ophthalmic artery is a branch of the pterygopalatine artery (PPA) which originates from the ICA [18] (link)–[21] (link). Unilateral retinal ischemia was induced by inserting an 8/0 nylon monofilament coated with vinyl polysiloxane impression material (3 M Dental Products, St. Paul, MN) through the right external carotid artery (ECA) into the right ICA. Both the right common carotid artery and right ECA were ligated to avoid anastomoses between the ophthalmic artery and the external carotid artery. Retinal ischemia was maintained for 2 hrs after which the filament was pulled out to allow reperfusion for 22 hrs [22] (link).
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