For ribosome association of individual mRNAs, gel electrophoresis following polysome analysis and fractionation was performed as described above. RNA was subsequently transferred to nitrocellulose membranes (AmershamHybond™–N, GE Healthcare) and further processed as described 31 (link). DNA oligonucleotides (Supplementary Information Table S2 [X85, X96, X105, X114]) were radiolabeled with PNK according to standard procedures. Probes were incubated with the membranes in hybridization buffer (6 × SSC, 0.1% SDS, 10 × Denhardt’s reagent) overnight at 42°C. Membranes were subsequently washed three times with wash buffer (6 × SSC, 0.1% SDS). Probe signals were visualized by a Molecular Dynamics Phosphorimager (GE Healthcare) and quantified by ImageQuant 5.2 software (Molecular Dynamics). Normalized signal intensities were compiled for fractions corresponding to monosomes, light and heavy polysomes and averaged from at least three biological replicates.