The sphere formation assay was performed as previously described [23 (link)]. The parental and chemoresistant cells were maintained in sphere-forming medium consisting of DMEM/F12 supplemented with N2 (Invitrogen) and B27 (Invitrogen) supplements, human recombinant epidermal growth factor (20 ng/mL), and basic fibroblastic growth factor (20 ng/mL) (PeproTech Inc., Rocky Hill, NJ, USA). They were seeded at a density of 200 cells/well in 24-well ultra-low attachment plates, and spheres that arose after 2 weeks were recorded and imaged under a light microscope.
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