The use of archived formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue blocks was approved by the Institutional Review Board of National Cheng Kung University Hospital. Tissue slides from HCC patients were evaluated via immunohistochemistry and hematoxylin/eosin staining using a polyclonal antibody against AGR2 (GeneTex, Hsinchu, Taiwan) according to the avidin–biotin complex method, as described previously [31 (link)]. Immunoreactivity for AGR2 was visualized using DAB/nickel substrate (Vector Laboratories, Burlingame, CA).
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