All rats were individually housed in Calo-cages of the PhenoMaster system (TSE, Bad Homburg, Germany) at a normal room temperature (25 °C). The first 6 h of measurement were deleted for compensation of acclimatization bias [20 (link)]. For three consequent days, automatic measurement of volumes of respiratory oxygen (VO2), volumes of carbon dioxide (VCO2), and total energy expenditure (TEE) per hour per Kilogram (kg) of rat body weights per kg of lean body mass (0.75% of body weight) and per rat weights were done. Besides, the respiratory exchange ratio (RQ), automatic food intake (FI), and manual water intake were recorded [21 (link)]. During the 3-day stay in the PhenoMaster system, the light and dietary interventions were maintained according to the original group.
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