Taiwanese CKD Diagnosis and Recruitment

We recruited adults aged over 18 years to sign informed consents from the Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital and the National Taiwan University Hospital. Subjects with acute renal failure, allergy to inulin, pregnancy, problems in voiding, amputation, congestive heart failure, cirrhosis with ascites, use of cimetidine or trimethoprim, oliguria, and those who had ever received any renal replacement therapy were excluded. Healthy volunteers were enrolled according to the percentage of age distribution in Taiwanese reported by the Ministry of the Interior of Taiwan. CKD was diagnosed and classified according to the K/DOQI clinical guidelines [1] (link). The ratio of the number of the CKD patients to healthy volunteers was approximately 2∶1 in this study.