NIST1648a is a standard urban air pollutant material with a fully known particle size distribution and chemical composition, which was described in the certificate of analysis [32 ]. NIST1648a was subjected to 2 h of treatment with cold plasma using the Plasma Zepto system (Diener Electronic GmbH, Ebhausen, Germany), which removes most of the organic matter [33 (link)]. Organic components were removed at the Faculty of Chemistry of the Jagiellonian University in Kraków. The acronym, LAp120, was formed for the obtained material with a reduced content of organic carbon (from 9.12 to 1.68 wt%) [23 (link)].
Both NIST1648a and LAp120 were suspended in PBS, and the suspensions were sonicated for 3 min in an ultrasonic water bath immediately before being added to cell cultures. Our previous experiments showed that PM at a final concentration of 1 µg/mL of the culture medium caused only slight changes in the viability and metabolic activity parameters of the RAW 264.7 cells after both 4–6 and 48 h of exposure. On the other hand, PM at a final concentration of 100 µg/mL caused clear changes after both short-term (4–6 h) and long-term (48 h) exposure [23 (link)]. Thus, the abovementioned concentrations of PM and exposure times were used in this work.
Both NIST1648a and LAp120 were suspended in PBS, and the suspensions were sonicated for 3 min in an ultrasonic water bath immediately before being added to cell cultures. Our previous experiments showed that PM at a final concentration of 1 µg/mL of the culture medium caused only slight changes in the viability and metabolic activity parameters of the RAW 264.7 cells after both 4–6 and 48 h of exposure. On the other hand, PM at a final concentration of 100 µg/mL caused clear changes after both short-term (4–6 h) and long-term (48 h) exposure [23 (link)]. Thus, the abovementioned concentrations of PM and exposure times were used in this work.
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