Samples from vaccinated participants were tested for antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain with the Access SARS-CoV-2 IgG assay (Beckman Coulter).11 (link),12 (link) Anti-N antibodies were tested with the Platelia SARS-CoV-2 Total Ab Assay (Bio-Rad) according to manufacturer instructions. The SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus neutralization assay was performed as described previously7 (link) with the use of a green fluorescent protein reporter–based pseudotyped virus with a vesicular stomatitis virus backbone coated with SARS-CoV-2 S protein. The lower level of diagnostic detection for IgG is 0.62, and the lower level that is considered neutralizing is 16. Additional information about antibody testing is provided in Supplementary Methods Section S3.