Rats were quickly decapitated under deep anaesthesia, and the left hemispheres were isolated for Western blot as described before [32 (link)]. The polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes were incubated with primary antibodies as follows: TXNIP (1:500; Abcam, Cambridge, Mass), TRX1 (1:2000; Abcam), NLRP3 (1:1000; Abcam), cleaved Caspase-1 (1:500; Abcam), cleaved IL-1β (1:500; Abcam), cleaved Caspase-3 (1:1000; CST, Danvers, MA), BCL-2 (1:1000; CST), sXBP1 (1:100; Santa Cruz), phosphorylated-PERK (p-PERK, 1:200; Santa Cruz), eukaryotic translation initiation factor-2α (eIF2α) (1:100; Santa Cruz), phosphorylated-eIF2α (p-eIF2α, 1:500; Abcam), carbohydrate response element-binding protein (ChREBP) (1:100; Santa Cruz), activating transcription factor 5 (ATF-5) (1:2000; Abcam) and β-actin (NeoBioscience Technology Co., Ltd, Beijing, China). Membranes were incubated with the appropriate horseradish peroxidase-conjugated secondary antibodies, visualized with the enhanced chemiluminescent reagent kit (ECL, Engreen Biosystem Co., Ltd. Beijing, China) and analysed using the Fusion system (Fusion fx 7 Spectra, Vilber, France). Results are expressed as a percentage of the values for β-actin.
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