Genomic and Plasmid DNA Extraction from S. aureus

We extracted genomic DNA from S. aureus isolate UKM4229 using the QIAamp DNA Mini Kit (QIAGEN, Hilden, Germany) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. We isolated plasmid DNA with the PrepEase MiniSpin Plasmid Kit (Affymetrix USB, Santa Clara, CA, USA) following the protocol standards. For both plasmid and genomic DNA, we applied lysostaphin (20 µg/mL) (Wakchemie, Steinbach, Germany) for bacterial cell lysis. We performed multilocus sequence typing and spa gene typing initially as described elsewhere (25 (link),26 (link)) and confirmed our results later by analysis of whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and DNA microarray data (discussed later in this article). We analyzed DNA sequences using RidomStaphType and SeqSphere+ (Ridom GmbH, Münster, Germany). Applying DNA microarray analysis (IdentiBAC Microarray; Alere Technologies GmbH, Jena, Germany), we identified resistance and virulence determinants and checked genotyping results.