Western blot analysis was performed using a standard protocol36 (link). Briefly, equal amounts of protein (30 μg) were separated via SDS-PAGE and electro-transferred onto polyvinylidene difluoride membranes (EMD Millipore). Membranes were probed with primary anti-TNC (ab108930, Abcam), anti-MMP2 (ab86607, Abcam), anti-MMP9 (ab76003, Abcam), anti-pan-Akt (4691 s, CST), anti-pAkt473 (4060 P, CST), anti-pAkt308 (sc-135650, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA), anti-β-actin (8457 S, CST) antibodies and then probed sequentially with secondary goat anti-mouse and anti-rabbit antibodies (7076P2, 7074P2, CST) and visualized using an enhanced chemiluminescence kit (Beyotime, Shanghai, China).
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