Fresh or archived pretreatment tumor specimens were obtained after the last therapy and before trial entry from 90.6% of the patients. For patients with oropharyngeal cancer, tumor HPV status, assessed by means of p16 immunohistochemical testing, was required to be documented by local or central analysis and was defined as positive if diffuse staining was present in at least 70% of the tumor cells.15 (link) Immunochemical testing for p16 was not performed for nonoropharyngeal cancers because of the low prevalence of HPV-positive tumors and poor specificity for HPV status at these anatomical sites.16 Tumor PD-L1 membrane expression was evaluated centrally by means of immunohistochemical testing (Dako North America) with the use of a rabbit antihuman PD-L1 antibody (clone 28–8, Epitomics) and was scored at prespecified expression levels, including levels of 1% or more, 5% or more, and 10% or more in a minimum of 100 tumor cells that could be evaluated.17