During the study period, 1290 patients were admitted in the PICU, out of which 1018 patients stayed >48 h. As calculated sample size was 196, convenient sampling was carried out to achieve the sample size. Rectal swabs were collected after 48 h of admission to PICU and inoculated onto bile esculin sodium azide agar containing 6mg/L vancomycin (Himedia laboratories, Mumbai, India).[5 (link)] Black/brown colonies were presumptively identified as Enterococcus and confirmed to species level based on Facklam and Collins standard biochemical tests.[24 (link)] Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of vancomycin and teicoplanin was determined by agar dilution method for all the enterococcal isolates grown on BEA as per the Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute guidelines.[25 ] MIC of ≥32 was considered as resistant to both vancomycin and teicoplanin. The antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates to other antibiotics, namely, ampicillin, high-level gentamicin, tetracycline, and linezolid was also performed by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method.[26 ] Association of VRE colonization with demographic features of the patients and various risk factors for VRE colonization were assessed based on previous studies.