Ninety male Chinese hamsters (C. griseus, 8–10-week-old, 21–25 g body weight) were provided by the Experimental Animal Center of Shanxi Medical University (Taiyuan, China SCXK Jin 2019-0004), housed in standard hamster cages in a barrier environment (25 °C, 45% humidity, 12/12 h light/dark cycles), and fed standard hamster diet and water ad libitum (SYXK Jin 2019-0007).
The protocol was approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Shanxi Medical University (IACUC 2017-018). Animals were randomly divided into control (n = 30), solvent control (n = 15), and treatment groups (n = 45). The control group was not subjected to treatment, while the treatment and solvent control groups were coated with a bilateral buccal pouch with 0.5% DMBA (7, 12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene; Sigma, USA) or acetone (Sigma, USA) solution three times per week. The doses were selected based on previous studies [4 (link), 24 (link), 25 (link)]. To observe carcinogenesis, we collected samples at 6, 9, 12, 15, and 18 weeks for histopathological examination. The pathological changes in the buccal pouch were determined according to the 12-grade record reported by the World Health Organization (WHO) standard [26 (link)].
The protocol was approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Shanxi Medical University (IACUC 2017-018). Animals were randomly divided into control (n = 30), solvent control (n = 15), and treatment groups (n = 45). The control group was not subjected to treatment, while the treatment and solvent control groups were coated with a bilateral buccal pouch with 0.5% DMBA (7, 12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene; Sigma, USA) or acetone (Sigma, USA) solution three times per week. The doses were selected based on previous studies [4 (link), 24 (link), 25 (link)]. To observe carcinogenesis, we collected samples at 6, 9, 12, 15, and 18 weeks for histopathological examination. The pathological changes in the buccal pouch were determined according to the 12-grade record reported by the World Health Organization (WHO) standard [26 (link)].
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