The cells were harvested and lysed using RIPA buffer with protease inhibitor (Thermo Fisher Scientific), and the protein concentrations were determined by the BCA protein assay (Thermo Fisher Scientific). A total of 40 ug of proteins were separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and transferred to nitrocellulose membranes as previously described [23 (link)]. Blots were incubated with primary antibodies against NLRP3 (#15101; Cell signaling technology, Danvers, MA, USA), ASC (#67824; Cell signaling technology), pro-IL-1β (sc-32294; 1:1,000 dilution; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Dallas, TX, USA), cleaved IL-1β (#83186; Cell signaling technology), pro-CASP1 (#3866; Cell signaling technology), cleaved CASP1 (#89332; Cell signaling technology), and GAPDH (sc-32233; Santa Cruz Biotechnology) at the 1:1,000 dilution, followed by an incubation with the secondary antibody conjugated to HRP for 1 h in room temperature. The bands were visualized using SuperSignal West Pico PLUS Chemiluminescent (Thermo Fisher Scientific) and luminescent image analyzer (ChemiDoc XRS + Systems, Bio-Rad Laboratories) at multiple exposure settings. For quantification, ImageJ software (National Institutes of Health) were used to analyzed the bands intensity.
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