The generalized linear model procedure was used to analyze the metabolites concentration and production using the SPSS 21.0 software (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL). When sampling time was included in the model, a linear mixed model was used with treatment, sampling time, and the treatment by sampling time interaction as fixed effects and the animal as a random factor. The ANCOM-BC R package was used to determine the differentially abundant taxa for amplicon and metagenome data [96 (link)]. The Wilcoxon rank-sum test in the JMP Pro software (JMP Pro version 13.2.1, SAS Institute Inc., SAS Institute, Cary, NC) was used to analyze the relative abundance of functional genes and MAGs. All P-values were adjusted for false discovery rate using the Benjamini–Hochberg method, and P < .05 was regarded as statistically significant.
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