The NHS and NHSII heparinized plasma samples were assayed for total cholesterol, HDL-C, direct LDL-C, and triglycerides using an ARCHITECT ci8200 analyzer (Abbott Diagnostics, Chicago IL). High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were measured via a validated immunoturbidometric method (Denka Seiken, Tokyo, Japan) (20 (link)). Matched case-control sets were assayed together in the same batch. Coefficients of variation (CVs) calculated from blinded replicate samples randomly interspersed with participant samples were ≤2% across all assay batches. These biomarkers are stable within person over time, with intraclass correlations over 1 year of 0.60–0.84 (21 (link)). In the UK Biobank, assays were performed at a dedicated central laboratory between 2014 and 2017, including measurement of serum total cholesterol, HDL-C, direct LDL-C, and triglycerides (Beckman Coulter AU5800). High-sensitivity CRP was measured by immunoturbidimetric analysis (Beckman Coulter AU5800). CVs for the UK Biobank assays were ≤3% across all assay batches (https://biobank.ndph.ox.ac.uk/showcase/showcase/docs/serum_biochemistry.pdf).