A structured medical history was obtained annually in EDIC including questions regarding the presence of painful or noxious symptoms of peripheral neuropathy, use of medications to treat painful neuropathic symptoms, symptoms of postural hypotension, gastroparesis, diarrhea, colonic atony, genitourinary dysfunction, and hypoglycemic unawareness.
The Uro-EDIC ancillary study was conducted at EDIC year 10 as a cross-sectional evaluation to describe the prevalence of diabetic genitourinary complications, including erectile dysfunction, lower urinary tract symptoms, and urinary incontinence, and to investigate relationships between these and other diabetes complications. Erectile dysfunction was defined as an erectile function domain score of <20 using the International Index of Erectile Function and by response to a single questionnaire item regarding “confidence to get and keep an erection” (10 (link),11 (link)). Lower urinary tract symptoms were assessed using the American Urological Association Symptom Index with moderate to severe lower urinary tract symptoms defined by scores >7 (10 (link)). Urinary incontinence in women was measured using a standardized questionnaire (12 (link),13 (link)).
Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed during EDIC year 15/16, affording an opportunity to relate cardiac structural and functional information to concurrent CAN findings (14 (link)).
The Uro-EDIC ancillary study was conducted at EDIC year 10 as a cross-sectional evaluation to describe the prevalence of diabetic genitourinary complications, including erectile dysfunction, lower urinary tract symptoms, and urinary incontinence, and to investigate relationships between these and other diabetes complications. Erectile dysfunction was defined as an erectile function domain score of <20 using the International Index of Erectile Function and by response to a single questionnaire item regarding “confidence to get and keep an erection” (10 (link),11 (link)). Lower urinary tract symptoms were assessed using the American Urological Association Symptom Index with moderate to severe lower urinary tract symptoms defined by scores >7 (10 (link)). Urinary incontinence in women was measured using a standardized questionnaire (12 (link),13 (link)).
Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed during EDIC year 15/16, affording an opportunity to relate cardiac structural and functional information to concurrent CAN findings (14 (link)).
