Human NF1-related MPNST cell-lines ST88-14, T265, and S462 and non-NF1 sporadic human MPNST cell-lines STS26T and MPNST724 were maintained and propagated as previously described (18 (link)). Primary cultured normal human Schwann cells served as controls. The NF1-associated cell-line MPNST642 was established by us (Supp data); DNA fingerprinting (STR; Supp data) was conducted for all cell-lines <6mo prior to the conduct of the studies, confirming that no cross contamination has occurred. STS26T and MPNST724 cells were stably transfected to express GFP-LC3; over-expressing cells were FACS-sorted on the basis of GFP expression. HDAC inhibitors included PCI-24781 (Pharmacyclics, Sunnyvale, CA), suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) and MS-275 (Cayman Chemical, Ann Arbor, MI). Bafilomycin and chloroquine were obtained from Sigma (St Louis, MO). Commercially available antibodies were used for immunoblot or immunohistochemical detection of: acetylated H3, acetylated H4 (Millipore, Billerica, MA); acetylated tubulin (Sigma); caspase 3, LC3B (Cell Signaling, Danvers, MA); GFP, beclin, p53, actin (Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA); IRGM, PARP (Abcam, Cambridge, MA); Ki-67 (MIB-1), vim (Dako, Carpenteria, CA); and S-100 (Biogenex, San Ramon, CA).