Kallistatin levels were measured using a human kallistatin ELISA kit (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN) and a mouse kallistatin ELISA kit (Fine Biological Technology, Wuhan, China); fibronectin was measured using a mouse fibronectin ELISA kit (Assaypro, St. Charles, MO), ICAM-1 using a mouse ICAM-1 ELISA kit (R&D systems, Minneapolis, MN), Ang II by a ELISA kit (Enzo Life Sciences, Farmingdale, NY), and erythropoietin (EPO) using a mouse EPO ELISA kit (R&D systems, Minneapolis, MN). Western blot analysis was performed as described (30 (link)). The primary antibodies used were purchased from the following companies: mouse kallistatin (SerpinA3C) (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN); TGF-β1 (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN), TβR-I and TβR-II (Novus Biologicals, Littleton, CO); CTGF (Santa Cruz, Dallas, TX); TNF-α (Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA); 3-NT, NOX4 and NOX2 (Abcam, Cambridge, MA); ACE (R&D systems, Minneapolis, MN); HIF-1α (Novus Biologicals, Littleton, CO) and β-actin (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO).