HCT116 cells were grown in McCoy's medium and HEK293T cells were grown in DMEM, supplemented with 10% FBS and antibiotics. Sf9 cells were cultured in Grace’ Insect Medium (Gibco) containing 10% inactivated FBS. HCT116 cells with conditional CTC1 disruption were described previously (32 (link)). To introduce wild-type or mutant Flag-CTC1, retrovirus was generated by co-transfecting HEK293T cells with pMIEG3 vector encoding wild-type or mutant Flag-CTC1, gag-pol and env. Viral supernatant was used to infect HCT116 CTC1F/F cells and the cells were then selected by flow cytometry for GFP expression.