The surgical approaches included endoscopic balloon dilatation and balloon dilatation combined with endoureterotomy (Figure 2 and Supplementary Figure S1 ).
The main procedure for balloon dilation is to place the balloon dilator (F18–F30) along the guide wire after passing the stricture section during percutaneous nephroscopy or ureteroscopy. Then, the balloon is placed at the stricture site under direct vision, the pump is pressurized to 15–30 atm, the balloon is filled and kept filled for 3–5 min, and the balloon dilation catheter is removed. In the cases in this study, two ureteral stents were placed.
Balloon dilation combined with endoureterotomy is primarily performed by incising the end of the ureter with electrodes and then placing a balloon dilator along the guide wire.
The main procedure for balloon dilation is to place the balloon dilator (F18–F30) along the guide wire after passing the stricture section during percutaneous nephroscopy or ureteroscopy. Then, the balloon is placed at the stricture site under direct vision, the pump is pressurized to 15–30 atm, the balloon is filled and kept filled for 3–5 min, and the balloon dilation catheter is removed. In the cases in this study, two ureteral stents were placed.
Balloon dilation combined with endoureterotomy is primarily performed by incising the end of the ureter with electrodes and then placing a balloon dilator along the guide wire.
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