Bt OMVs were observed using negative staining with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) as previously described [53 (link)]. Briefly, isolated Bt OMVs were adsorbed to carbon–formvar-coated copper EM grids (Agar Scientific) for 1 min before wicking off with filter paper and negatively staining with 2% uranyl acetate solution (BDH) in water for 1 min. Grids were air-dried before analysis using a Tecnai G2 20 Twin TEM (FEI) at ×29,000 magnification.
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