Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) was carried out as previously described (16 (link)). For immunoprecipitation, antibodies against H3K27Ac (ab4729, Abcam), SMAD3 (ab28379, Abcam) or RNAPII (sc899, Santa Cruz) were used in this paper. Quantitative analysis of the precipitated and input DNA through real-time PCR was described above. The primer sets for ChIP-qPCR are listed in Supplementary Table S1. Results are pooled from at least three individual samples. For ChIP-seq, the precipitated DNA was followed library generation (TruSeq ChIP Library Preparation Kit, Illumina) and sequencing (NextSeq500 system, Illumina) performed by DNA Link, Inc. The generated reads were aligned to the human reference genome (hg19) using MACS2 (30 (link)). BAM files for ChIP-seq data of RNAPII in multiple cell lines were downloaded from ENCODE (https://www.encodeproject.org/).