miRNA microarray analysis was performed as previously described (30 (link),61 (link)). Total RNA from EA.hy926 cells either Mock-infected or infected with K1 or Nef lentivirus alone, or co-infected with both K1 and Nef lentiviruses for 72 h were isolated with Trizol reagent (Invitrogen). The miRNA fraction was further purified using a mirVanaTM miRNA isolation kit (Ambion, Austin, TX, USA). The isolated miRNAs from the four parallel infected cells were then labeled with Hy3 using the miRCURYTM Array Labelling Kit (Exiqon, Vedbaek, Denmark) and hybridized individually on miRCURYTM LNA microRNA Arrays (v 8.0; Exiqon). Microarray images were acquired using a Genepix 4000B scanner (Axon Instruments, Union City, CA, USA), processed and analyzed with Genepix Pro 6.0 software (Axon Instruments). EA.hy926 cells transduced with Mock were used as the control.