The Caspase 9 Activity Assay Kit (Beyotime, China, Cat. No: C1158) was used to measure the activity of caspase-9 according to the manufacturer’s instructions [23 (link)]. The concentrations of GSH, SOD and GPX were evaluated using commercial kits (Cellular Glutathione Peroxidase Assay Kit, Beyotime, China, Cat. No: S0056; Glutathione Reductase Assay Kit, Beyotime, China, Cat. No: S0055; Total Superoxide Dismutase Assay Kit, Beyotime, China, Cat. No: S0101, respectively) [24 (link)]. ATP production was measured using a luciferase-based ATP assay kit (Beyotime Institute of Biotechnology) with a microplate reader [25 (link)].
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