Enrollment Criteria for ASD and DLD in Children

The enrollment criteria for children with ASD without GDD: ①met the diagnostic criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) [28 (link)], and were diagnosed by 2 deputy chief physicians and above specialists. The Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, Second Edition (ADOS-2) and Children Neuropsychological and Behavioral Scale-Revision (CNBS-R2016) were conducted by one professional reviewer; ②no more than one functional domain with a Developmental Quotient (DQ) < 70 in the evaluation results of the CNBS-R2016 [29 (link)]. Exclusion criteria: ①Fragile X Syndrome, tuberous sclerosis, cerebral paralysis, epilepsy, schizophrenia, mood disorders, hearing impairment;②abnormal karyotype, appearance deformities, Brain MRI and EEG abnormalities, and other neurological or somatic diseases. The enrollment standard for children with DLD: ①met the diagnostic criteria for DSM-V; ②DQ of language ≤85, DQ of gross motor, fine motor, adaptability, and social behavior ≥70 [30 (link)]. ASD, developmental delay, genetic differences, vision, hearing abnormalities, central nervous system disorders, and second language development disorders were excluded [31 (link)].