The home safety observation was conducted for 97%, 65% and 77% of participants at baseline, 6-month and 12-month follow-ups, respectively (Wang et al., 2018 (link)). There were no significant differences on baseline socio-demographic characteristics or home safety score by loss to follow-up, with the exception that lost dyads had marginally lower high school diploma/equivalent completion (40.2% vs 54.7%, p=0.055). Therefore, maternal education was included as a covariate. Under Missing at Random assumption (MAR), Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) accounted for missingness in the continuous outcome variables to provide unbiased parameter estimates (Allison, 2012 ). SAS 9.3 and STATA 14.0 were used, with p<0.05 indicating significance and 0.05<=p<0.10 indicating marginal significance (Pritschet, Powell, & Horne, 2016 (link)).