Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood samples using a commercial blood genomic extraction kit (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany). Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was carried out to amplify all exons and flanking regions of CYP27A1. Direct Sanger sequencing was performed on an ABI 3500xl Dx Genetic Analyzer (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA, USA) as described previously [28 (link)]. The primers for CYP27A1 were listed in Additional file 1: Table S1. The 1000 Genomes Project (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih. gov/variation/tools/1000 genomes/) and the ExAC database (https://exac.broadinstitute.org/) were used to check the frequency of variants in the general population. Three software programs, including SIFT (http://sift.jcvi.org/), PolyPhen-2 (http://genetics.bwh.harvard.edu/pph2/) and Mutation Taster (http://www.mutationtaster.org/) were used to predict the possible protein functional changes caused by the variants.
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