After overnight fasting for 8–12 h, blood samples of approximately 5 mL were obtained from participants and immediately centrifuged at 3000× g for 10 min. Serum levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, triglycerides, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), fasting glucose, total calcium, phosphorus and C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured by an autoanalyzer (Siemens Advia 1800; Siemens Healthcare GmbH, Henkestr, Germany) [17 (link),18 (link)]. Serum ANGPTL3 (R&D Systems, Inc., Minneapolis, MN, USA) and intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) levels (Abcam, Cambridge, MA, USA) concentrations were measured using commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [17 (link),18 (link)]. The estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was estimated from the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation.
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