Nanoparticle maximum absorption wavelengths were obtained using the Varian Cary 50 Bio UV-Visible Spectrometer (McKinley Scientific). Nanoparticle size and zeta potential measurements were obtained using the Zeta-Sizer Nanoseries ZS90 (Malvern Instruments, Worcestshire, UK). Hydrodynamic size based upon Brownian motion was measured in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) solution using DLS (dynamic light scattering). Shape and size were also previously determined using scanning electron microscope (SEM), with the presence of lipids on the particle cores confirmed using a Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy [18 (link)].
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