Kinematic data was collected using an eight-camera motion capture system with a sampling rate of 120 Hz (MOTION ANALYSIS corporation, Santa Rosa, CA) and 29 markers from the Helen Hayes marker set were placed on bilateral bony landmarks, the head, and the trunk to compute the joint centers56 (link). The raw marker data was low-pass filtered using a fourth order Butterworth filter with a cutoff frequency of 6 Hz57 (link), and the kinematic variables were computed using customized MATLAB routines (MATHWORKS, Natick, MA).
DELSYS Trigno surface electromyography (EMG) sensors were used to record EMG activity from four muscles on each leg at 1200 Hz. These muscles were the tibialis anterior (TA), medial gastrocnemius (GAS), vastus lateralis (VLAT), and biceps femoris long head (BFLH). Raw, unrectified EMG signals were first hardware band-pass filtered over a bandwidth of 20–450 Hz, applying a standard mode rejection ratio of > 80 db. After data collection, the EMG data was digital high-pass filtered at 35 Hz and then full-wave rectified. The rectified data was smoothed via a second-order, dual-pass Butterworth low-pass filter with a 40 Hz cutoff frequency37 (link). A sample of the filtered EMG signal is demonstrated in Fig. 2.
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