The full-length rat Syt1WT, Syt16DA or Syt1D238N mutant was amplified by PCR using primers: 5’- ATGCGGGCCCATGGTGAGTGCCAGTCATC-3’ and 5’- TGTTGTCGACTTACTTCTTGACAGCCAGCATG-3’, and introduced into a lentiviral expression vector pCDH-EF1-MCS-T2A-copGFP (System Biosciences, catalogue number: CD526A-1) between the ApaI and the SalI sites. Lentiviral infections with Syt1WT, Syt16DA or Syt1D238N in Syt1 KO cells were carried out on chromaffin cells at days in vitro 0, and electrophysiological recordings were carried out 2–3 days after infection as described (Jiang et al. 2019 (link)). All the custom-made materials will be shared upon reasonable requests.