Six to eight-week-old female C57BL/6 mice were obtained through the National Cancer Institute grantees program (Frederick, MD). Mice were bred and maintained in a closed breeding facility, and mouse handling conformed to the requirements of the Institutional Animal Care and Use Guidelines of Medical College of Wisconsin. Batffl/fl mice was previously described (70 (link)) and PLZF-Cre recombinase mice (stock #:024529) was purchased from Jackson and crossed to one another to generate either Batffl/flPLZF-Cre or Batffl/flPLZF-Cre+ mice. Mice were infected with influenza A/PR8/34 (~50 PFU/mouse) to establish acute sublethal infection. Infection were performed by intranasal (i.n.) under anesthesia as described before (71 (link)). R26-CreERT2 mice (stock #: 008463) and RosamTmG reporter mice (stock #: 007576) were purchased from Jackson laboratory. Batffl/fl mice were crossed with ERT2CreRosamTmG mice to generate Batffl/flERT2CreRosamTmG mice.