The abundance of denitrification genes, including periplasmic nitrate reductase (napA), membrane-bound nitrate reductase (narG), nitrite reductase (nirS and nirk), nitric oxide reductase (cnorB and qnorB) and nitrous oxide reductase (nosZ), were detected using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). A 20-μL reaction mixture was prepared with 1 μL template DNA, 10 μL SYBR Green I PCR master mix (Bio-Rad, U.S.), 1 μL forward and reverse primers and 7 μL sterile water. The qPCR was conducted using a CFX96 Touch real-time PCR Detection System (Bio-Rad, U.S.) according to our previous study [9 (link)]. Each qPCR amplification for each gene comprised a total of 40 cycles. The primer sequences are provided in Table B in S1 File. Three biological replicates were used.
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