Carrageenan-Mediated Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles

Carrageenan extracted from marine red algae was obtained by Qingdao Marine Biomedical Research Institute (Qingdao, China)^{7 (link)}. Gold (III) chloride trihydrate (HAuCl₄·3H₂O) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St.Louis, USA)^{7 (link)}. Epirubicin Hydrochloride (EPI) was purchased from Zhejiang Hisun Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd (Taizhou, China). HPLC-grade acetonitrile (ACN) and methanol were purchased from Merck KGaA (Germany). Water used in the whole experiments was purified on a Milli-Q system (Millipore, USA). McCOY’S medium (5A) was purchased from HyClone (USA)^{7 (link)}. Dulbecco’s modified eagle medium (DMEM), L-glutamine, 100 U/mL penicillin and 100 g/mL streptomycin were purchased from Gibco (Grand Island, NY, USA)^{7 (link)}. Fetal bovine serum (FBS) was purchased from ExCell Bio (Shanghai, China)^{7 (link)}. All of other chemicals and solvents used were of analytical grade unless otherwise specified^{7 (link)}. The most of materials and reagents were based on our previous research^{7 (link)}.