Blinded to the IgG4 quantification, two authors (C.K. and S.G.A.) analyzed one haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) slide from each case sectioned from the same paraffin-embedded tissue cassette as were the immunostained slides. The parameters assessed were: a dense lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate, storiform fibrosis, obliterative phlebitis, epithelioid histiocytes, granulomas, giant cells, and neutrophils. Immunohistochemistry staining was performed as described previously (24 (link)). Specific to this study, slides were incubated for 1.5 hours at room temperature with an antibody cocktail containing rabbit anti-IgG (Cell Marque, Cat# 269A-15) diluted 1:5400 and mouse anti-IgG4 (Cell Marque, Cat# 367M-15) diluted 1:900 and detected with Mach 2 Double Stain 2, (Biocare Medical) for 10 minutes at room temperature.