Eight- to ten-week-old C57BL/6 mice and IDO1-deficient (IDO1-/-) C57BL/6 mice were purchased from the Jiangsu GemPharmatech Co. Ltd., and were bred in a specific pathogen-free environment with a 12-h light/dark cycle supplemented with rodent chow and water ad libitum.
E. multilocularis protoscoleces (PSCs) were obtained from intraperitoneal lesions maintained in BALB/c mice under aseptic conditions, followed by three rounds of clean-up with phosphate buffered saline (PBS, pH=7.2, containing 1000 mg/mL penicillin and 1000 U/mL streptomycin) (36 (link)). PSCs with over 95% vitality determined by eosin exclusion were counted using hemocytometer (37 (link)), and 1000 PSCs were injected intraperitoneally per mice as previously described (38 (link)). To determine the parasitic burden using wet-weighing method, mice were sacrificed in month 1, 2 or 3 post-infection, and parasitic tissues were dissected from the liver and the peritoneal cavity.
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