Mixed cell suspensions were stained for surface markers with combinations of the following antibodies: CD8-FITC, CD4-FITC, CD4-PE, CD3-APC, CD3-APC-Cy7 (eBioscience, San Diego, CA), CCR5-PE-Cy7 (BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA), CCR5-PE (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN), CCR6-PerCp-Cy5.5, CD90 Alexa Fluor-647 (Biolegend, San Diego, CA). For the HIV-infection experiments, following infection for 6–7 days, intracellular levels of p24 were analyzed as described previously8 (link). Briefly, after surface staining, cells were washed, fixed and permeabilized (20 min) following instructions provided in the Cytofix/Cytoperm Plus kit (BD Biosciences) and stained for intracellular p24 with KC57-FITC antibody (Beckman Coulter; Danvers, MA) for 30 min. Analysis was performed on BD FACSCalibur or BD FACSCanto flow cytometers (BD Biosciences) using FACSdiva software, and data analyzed with FlowJo software (Tree Star, Inc. Ashland, OR). Expression of surface markers was measured by the percentage of positive cells and the mean fluorescence intensity (MFI).