These procedures were performed as described previously [7 (link)–9 (link)]. Primers used in RT-qPCR are indicated in Additional file 2: Table S2. The miR-218, miR-140-3p (as internal control for miR-218 in EVs and sera), and U6 primers (as internal control for intracellular miR-218) were purchased from Qiagen (Valencia, CA, USA). An annealing temperature of 57.5 °C was used for all primers.
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