The screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCEs) utilized in this work (PalmSens B.V., Randhoeve, The Netherlands) possessed a conventional three-electrode configuration constructed on a corundum ceramic base of the dimensions 25.4 mm × 7.26 mm, with a carbon working electrode (WE), a silver reference electrode (RE), and a carbon counter electrode, which acted as the auxiliary electrode (Figure 1). CV measurements were obtained at constant room temperature with the help of a potentiostat (PalmSens3™, PalmSens B.V., Randhoeve, The Netherlands), which was operated through the PSTrace software (version 5.8), as described elsewhere [23 (link)].
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