L. pneumophila Lp02 cells were grown as mentioned previously12 (link), harvested at early stationary phase (OD600 of ~3.0), mixed with 10-nm colloidal gold beads (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO) precoated with bovine serum albumin, and applied onto freshly glow-discharged copper R2/2 200 Quantifoil holey carbon grids (Quantifoil Micro Tools GmbH, Jena, Germany). Grids were then blotted and plunge-frozen in a liquid ethane/propane mixture35 (link) using an FEI Vitrobot Mark IV and stored in liquid nitrogen for subsequent imaging.