FAO and OCR were assessed using an Agilent Seahorse XF extracellular flux analyzer (Agilent Technologies) according to a previously described method.[46 (link),
47 (link)
] For FAO analysis, podocytes were plated on Seahorse assay plates and treated with Seahorse XF assay medium containing DMEM with 5.5 mm glucose and 0.5 mm carnitine according to the manufacturer's instructions from Seahorse Bioscience. A specific CPT‐1 inhibitor Etomoxir (ETO, 250 µm ) was injected to evaluate the rate of FAO, and then a blocker of glycolysis and pyruvate oxidation 2‐deoxyglucose (2‐DG, 50 mm ) was injected to assess the glucose utilization. For the OCR analysis, podocytes were seeded in Seahorse assay plates and treated with Seahorse XF assay medium. After obtaining the baseline OCR, the measurements were obtained after sequential injection of 5 µm oligomycin, 1.5 µm FCCP, and 5 µm rotenone.
47 (link)
] For FAO analysis, podocytes were plated on Seahorse assay plates and treated with Seahorse XF assay medium containing DMEM with 5.5 m
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