An oxidative stress assay was utilized to measure neutrophil ROS production, as discussed previously [19 (link)]. Neutrophils were incubated with the fluorescent dye CMH(2)CFDA (Life Technologies, Eugene, OR, USA) in DPBS at room temperature for 10 min in the dark and added to biofilms or planktonic cells at 2 × 105 neutrophils/well. Phorbol myristate acetate (PMA, Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA) at 100 nM was added in a subset of experiments as a positive control. Fluorescence (excitation 495 nm/emission 527 nm) was measured every 30 min for 3 h. Background fluorescence was measured for each C. albicans condition without neutrophils and subtracted from total fluorescence values prior to data analysis.