Preparation and characterization of a mouse mAbs against huLTF (M860) in this laboratory have been reported in our previous work.35 (link) For preparation of LTF-IC, huLTF (2 µg/mL, Sigma-Aldrich) and M860 (2 µg/mL, mAbs of LTF), purified with protein G antibody affinity chromatography (GE Healthcare Life Sciences), or LTF-Abs were mixed in a sterile tube with gentle rotation at 37°C for an hour. ICs between LTF and M860 were separated from the uncoupled Ab and antigen using Sephadex Superfine G-75 column. The elutions of IC were pooled, desalted and concentrated. Endotoxin was removed by polymyxin B coupled beads repeatly and the level of endotoxin in IC was below 1 EU/mg which was detected by Chromogenic LAL Endotoxin Assay Kit (Genscript). ICs between ovalbumin (OVA) (Sigma-Aldrich) and M562 (mAbs of OVA) were used as control and prepared similarly.