Electronic absorption data were collected with a Hewlett-Packard 8452A diode-array spectrophotometer. Unless otherwise stated, samples were removed from the NMR tube after NMR data collection, thoroughly mixed and transferred to a disposable cuvette (14–878, Fisher Scientific, Pittsburgh, PA) for electronic absorption data collection. Some absorption spectra were also recorded directly in the NMR tube as described22 (link). Briefly, the NMR tube containing the sample of interest was inserted in a disposable cuvette (14–955, Fisher Scientific, Pittsburgh, PA) and secured to the bottom of the cuvette via a glued NMR cap. The interstitial space between the cuvette and the NMR tube was then filled with water22 (link).