Tissues were formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded, sectioned and stained with haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) as described.21 (link) Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence were done as described.20 (link),21 (link) Following de-paraffinization, the immunostaining procedure of paraffin-embedded tissue sections was similar to that of frozen tissues and cultured cells. Primary antibodies: rabbit anti-UCP1 (1:200, Abcam, Cambridge, MA), rabbit anti-ERα (1:200, Abcam), rabbit anti-mouse β3-adrenergic-receptor (1:200, Abcam), mouse anti-PCNA (1:200, Millipore, Burlington, MA) and goat-anti-Perilipin (1:200, BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA). Secondary antibodies: Goat/Donkey anti- rabbit/mouse conjugated with AlexaFluor-488/Cy3, and Donkey anti-goat conjugated with Cy5 (1:500, Jackson ImmunoResearch, West Grove, PA). DAPI (1:500, Fluka, Milwaukee, WI). Nile-red (1 µg/mL, Sigma). Bright-field and fluorescent images were collected on: Olympus inverted IX70 microscope, Olympus upright BX40 microscope, Leica inverted DMi8 microscope or Leica upright DM6 microscope. An independent researcher reviewed slides to confirm results.